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Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. 8600 Rockville Pike To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. J. Braz. Guner, Ali (1999). Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. Barrier integrity was examined using Tewameter to confirm the poration of human cadaver skin using a microporation device. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. statement and Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. 2013;43(4):287303. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. 10K, and c M.W. 2003;89(2):31120. WebFluorescein isothiocyanatedextran average mol wt 60,000-76,000; CAS Number: 60842-46-8; Synonyms: FITCDextran; find Sigma-Aldrich-FD70S MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich These vibrations heat the skin tissue, triggering water vapor and cell ablation, forming microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. Ann Surg Oncol. Analytical Chemistry. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. (1958). Int J Pharm Investig. ; Weisz, J. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. (2003). The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. J. Hennink, W.E. Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. PMC Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Drug Discov Today Technol. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. 2016;47:15964. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. Markierte Dextrane sind hydrophile Polysaccharide, die hufig in mikroskopischen Studien zur berwachung der Zellteilung, zum Verfolgen der Bewegung von lebenden Zellen und zur Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der zytoplasmatischen Matrix verwendet werden. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Fusco V, Quero GM, Cho GS, Kabisch J, Meske D, Neve H, Bockelmann W, Franz CM. dextran hydrodynamic radius Masuelli, M. A. (1954). Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. dextran hydrodynamic radius Curley SA. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. 1905/05) for their financial support. (1987). Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. Corp. (Seoul, Korea). In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Study of temperature influence. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Polymer molecular weight distribution. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. Format), Citation-(EndNote Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. ; Bataille, B. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. For Research Use Only. Drug Deliv Syst. WebDextran 40 Pharmaceutical Quality. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. Springer Editions. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Granath, K. A. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. Biomaterials. Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). ; Hogan, M.P. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Proc of SPIE. (2003). Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. (2008). dextran Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). Learn More. 2012;3(1):208. Epub 2022 Feb 2. After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. (2000). The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. Ther. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. By using this website, you agree to our Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. dextran All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 2000;3(9):31826. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. Fluorescent and Biotinylated DextransSection 14.5 Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. Stenekes, R.J.H. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. eCollection 2015. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. 2006;3(3):37385. California Privacy Statement, Carbohydr Polym. De Belder, A.N. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Expert Rev Med Devices. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. Google Scholar. Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Experimental Review on Intrinsic At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). GPC Symp. Arch Dermatol Res. (1969). European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. Search ; Dutt, N.V.K. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. and transmitted securely. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. Biological skin substitutes for wound cover and closure. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. The .gov means its official. Epub 2012 May 28. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. dextran hydrodynamic radius We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Int. Format). After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. WebDextran 670 GPC Standard Normative Mw - 670000 Da GPC standards can be used for calibration and molecular weight determination. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters universalized for the range of working temperatures are the following: 0.4267 for a*, and 0.1455 cm3/g for k*M-H, with 2 of 0.9399. A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. (1991). RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells Pharm Res. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. (1999). MeSH Ubbelohde, Leo. MeSH terms The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. hydrodynamic After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. Radius In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. Cookies policy. Format), Citation-(BibTeX The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. (2008). Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. What is dextran? Application areas - TdB Labs AB A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Masuelli, Martin Alberto. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. J. Braz. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. The proportionality between []0 and M0.5 is obtained as a limiting law for the no draining regime. The effect of branching is best recognized from the molecular weight dependencies of []. Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. 43-1, 115-147. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. 2012;29(7):201729. dextran hydrodynamic Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. Molecular dynamics simulations on aqueous 2003;10:33847. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th Doke SK, Dhawale SC. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. Saudi Pharm J. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitknen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Pivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). IV. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. J. Phys. "Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. 2011;5(2):95132. The Mark-Houwink parameters is calculated molecular weights range from 8.8 to 200kDa. One day before the experiment, the skin was stabilized in the skin culture medium. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. (2003). For data requests, please contact the authors. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Kim J, Jang JH, Lee JH, Choi JK, Park WR, Bae IH, Bae J, Park JW. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Int J Food Sci Nutr. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) (1999). Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from Herwadkar A, Banga AK. SWC designed and coordinated the research. Google Scholar. ; Prasad, D.H.L. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2].