No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. /Type /XObject Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. % The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. /Font << Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria Hon. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. (Tanzi, 1996). Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Your email address will not be published. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. History of federal system of government in nigeria. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. stream Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. /Length 3884 |4-Iv Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? %PDF-1.5 We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. What is federalism? /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Population of the country Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. /Type /Page federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . Resource control: 3.7 7. PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. He rejects the assertion that In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism 2. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. 74 . Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. . Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Historical experience 3.2 2. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and by the federal or any state government. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. /F6 21 0 R Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. /F4 15 0 R a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE?
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