The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. But, as S. Waite One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Maryland Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. Yes No An official form of the United States government. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Coming Soon!! Questions? [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. WebAfter the battle of Gettysburg, Confederate prisoners were sent to Point Lookout Prison At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". Archaeological Investigations I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. 51-52. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? The speaker brings a doctors bag from 1885 containing example medical instruments of the Civil War and the 1800s for show and tell. Harpers Ferry and the Civil War Chronology WebSeal of Maryland during the war. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within Blockhouse Point Conservation Park. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. The new constitution came into effect on November 1, 1864, making Maryland the first Union slave state to abolish slavery since the beginning of the war. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. or "The South shall be free!" More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. Early defeated Union troops under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). WebEmerging Civil War Series. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . Myths and Truths: Civil War Battlefield Medical Care of the Wounded Speaker: Clarence Hickey. [86], The legacies of the debate over Lincoln's heavy-handed actions that were meant to keep Maryland within the union include measures such as arresting one third of the Maryland General Assembly, which was controversially ruled unconstitutional at the time by Maryland native Justice Roger Taney, and in the lyrics of the former Maryland state song, Maryland, My Maryland, which referred to Lincoln as a "despot," a "vandal," and, a "tyrant.". Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. I have been researching The story of Rockvilles Dora Higgins and her experiences during the Civil War. Civil War Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. The presentation shows the work by blacks and white alike to aid and save enslaved people. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! Camp Washington Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. J.E.B. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. Maryland in the American Civil War Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. (PowerPoint presentation.). "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War, Point Lookout State Park and Civil War Museum. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Population of the United States in 1860, G.P.O. [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Maryland In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Harris (2011) pp. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. [74] The new constitution emancipated the state's slaves (who had not been freed by President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation), disenfranchised southern sympathizers, and re-apportioned the General Assembly based upon white inhabitants. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. 69-70. History Confederate Prisoners of War Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). During the American Civil War (18611865), Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. Maryland Civil War Prisoner of War Camps "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. By the end of the war, 1 in 3 men imprisoned at Florencedied. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. ContactMatthew Gagleor call 301-340-2825. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. [38][39], The following month in November 1861, Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. Salisbury University, 1991). Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. Civil War Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. WebThe Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System currently includes information about two Civil Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. Others suffered from harsh living conditions, severely cramped living quarters, outbreaks of disease, and sadistic treatment from guards and commandants. Maryland Point Lookout Prisoner of War Camp Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? The sirens whistled. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. [10] Soldiers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts were transported by rail to Baltimore, where they had to disembark, march through the city, and board another train to continue their journey south to Washington.[11]. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. Civil War Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. Civil War in MoCo WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Civil War Camp Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. Obviously many natives of Maryland were doubtless in 1861 citizens of other States, and could not therefore be reckoned among the soldiers furnished by Maryland to the Confederate armies. WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. Webcivil war sword union soldier 15,480 Civil War Camp Premium High Res Photos Browse 15,480 civil war camp stock photos and images available, or search for civil war sword or union soldier to find more great stock photos and pictures.
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