Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. Please note that your continued use of the RadioPublic services following the posting of such changes will be deemed an acceptance of this update. VEDANTAM: I'm Shankar Vedantam. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. John is a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University. . BORODITSKY: The way to say my name properly in Russian is (speaking foreign language), so I don't make people say that. Of course that's how you BORODITSKY: And so what was remarkable for me was that my brain figured out a really good solution to the problem after a week of trying, right? Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts 51 min You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Social Sciences Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. There's a way of speaking right. How else would you do it? And when I listen to people having their peeves, I don't think, stop it. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. If a transcript is available, you'll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. out. But might we allow that there's probably a part of all human beings that wants to look down on somebody else. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. So the way you say hi in Kuuk Thaayorre is to say, which way are you heading? I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. al, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2008. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? I think that it's better to think of language as a parade that either you're watching, or frankly, that you're in, especially because the people are never going to stand still. And there are consequences for how people think about events, what they notice when they see accidents. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. Now I can stay oriented. In The Air We Breathe : NPR The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. Who Do You Want To Be? | Hidden Brain Media VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? And I did that. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. It has to do with the word momentarily. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. People do need to be taught what the socially acceptable forms are. See you next week. And the answer should be, north, northeast in the far distance; how about you? It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. But actually, it's something that's not so hard to learn. We also look at how. Relationships 2.0: What Makes Relationships Thrive | Hidden Brain Media So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #3: (As character) I'm willing to get involved. It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. And we looked at every personification and allegory in Artstor and asked, does the language that you speak matter for how you paint death, depending on whether the word death is masculine or feminine in your language? You know, we spend years teaching children about how to use language correctly. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #5: (Speaking foreign language). We convince a colleague to take a different tactic at work. Lost In Translation- Hidden Brain Podcast Transcript .pdf And this is NPR. to describe the world. MCWHORTER: Yes, that's exactly true. You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. So it's, VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly. MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. It might irritate you slightly to hear somebody say something like, I need less books instead of fewer books. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #11: (Speaking Russian). : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Shelly. Whats going on here? In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. They shape our place in it. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. He. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. But what if there's a whole category of people in your life whose impact is overlooked? This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. And so what that means is if someone was sitting facing south, they would lay out the story from left to right. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. Another possibility is that it's a fully integrated mind, and it just incorporates ideas and distinctions from both languages or from many languages if you speak more than two. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). If you missed it, Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. They're supposed to be painting something very personal. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Reframing Your Reality: Part 1 | Hidden Brain Media So there are these wonderful studies by Alexander Giora where he asked kids learning Finnish, English and Hebrew as their first languages basically, are you a boy or a girl? Well never sell your personal information. If you can speak more than one language, does this mean that you're also simultaneously and constantly shifting in your mind between different worldviews? GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). Let's start with the word literally. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. So these speakers have internalized this idea from their language, and they believe that it's right. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. Now, in a lot of languages, you can't say that because unless you were crazy, and you went out looking to break your arm, and you succeeded - right? Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. What Makes Lawyers Happy? Whats going on here? al (Eds. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. In the final episode of our Relationships 2.0 series, psychologistHarry Reis says theres another ingredient to successful relationships thats every bit as important as love. ), The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, 2018. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. And one thing that we've noticed is that around the world, people rely on space to organize time. But the reason that it seems so elusive is because we don't really think about the, quote, unquote, "meaning" of things like our conversation-easing laughter. You know, there's no left leg or right leg. If it is the first time you login, a new account will be created automatically. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. You know, I was trying to stay oriented because people were treating me like I was pretty stupid for not being oriented, and that hurt. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. VEDANTAM: One of the things I found really interesting is that the evolution of words and language is constant. How to Really Know Another Person - Transcripts Hidden Brain on Apple Podcasts Languages are not just tools to describe the world. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. And a girl goes in this pile. For more on decision-making, check out our episode on how to make wiser choices. This week, in the final . This is HIDDEN BRAIN. Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Mike Prentice, and Evgeny Osin, Journal of Research in Personality, 2019. All rights reserved. I just don't want to do it. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. And, I mean, really, it sounds exactly like that. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. Thank you! You would give a different description to mark that it was not intentional. VEDANTAM: If you have teenagers or work closely with young people, chances are you'll be mystified by their conversations or even annoyed. And it's not just about how we think about time. Hidden Brain | Hidden Brain Media Does a speaker of a language, like Spanish, who has to assign gender to so many things, end up seeing the world as more gendered? As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. And as soon as I saw that happen, I thought, oh, this makes it so much easier. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). BORODITSKY: Yeah. He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". You know, it's Lady Liberty and Lady Justice. Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: (Speaking foreign language). Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. In many languages, nouns are gendered. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #16: Not figuratively, it's literally MCWHORTER: Yeah. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Those sorts things tend to start with women. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #10: (Speaking Russian). I've always found that a very grating way to ask for something at a store. So what happens is that once literally comes to feel like it means really, people start using it in figurative constructions such as I was literally dying of thirst. Who Do You Want To Be? - Hidden Brain (pdcast) | Listen Notes So for example, English speakers, because they're very likely to say, he did it or someone did it, they are very good at remembering who did it, even if it's an accident. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. That's because change is hard. And I kind of sheepishly confessed this to someone there. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where. And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? It goes in this pile. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. And, of course, you always have to wonder, well, could it be that speakers of these different languages are actually seeing different kinds of bridges? Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. This is Hidden Brain. And if you teach them that forks go with women, they start to think that forks are more feminine. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. And so for example, if the word chair is masculine in your language, why is that? MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. But it is a completely crucial part of the human experience. So when I ask you to, say, imagine a man walking down the street, well, in your imagery, you're going to have some details completed and some will be left out. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. It's just how I feel. (Speaking Japanese). And then 10 years later when they're 49, you say, well, that picture of you at 39 is what you really are and whatever's happened to you since then is some sort of disaster or something that shouldn't have happened. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. And then if you are going to be that elliptical, why use the casual word get? You know, lots of people blow off steam about something they think is wrong, but very few people are willing to get involved and do something about it. Learn more. BORODITSKY: I had this wonderful opportunity to work with my colleague Alice Gaby in this community called Pormpuraaw in - on Cape York. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking foreign language). Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how these techniques can be used for both good and evil. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators, The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. Google Podcasts - hidden brain No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. podcast pages. They believe that their language reflects the true structure of the world. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. It's not necessarily may I please have, but may I have, I'll have, but not can I get a. I find it just vulgar for reasons that as you can see I can't even do what I would call defending. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. Just saying hello was difficult. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking foreign language). All rights reserved. Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. Our team includes Laura Kwerel, Adhiti Bandlamudi and our supervising producer Tara Boyle. Hidden Brain : NPR Copyright 2023 Steno. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, What Makes Lawyers Happy? Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. This is Hidden Brain. And that is an example of a simple feature of language - number words - acting as a transformative stepping stone to a whole domain of knowledge. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. You couldn't have predicted this I know-uh move-uh (ph). JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologistAdam Grantpushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. VEDANTAM: I understand that there's also been studies looking at how artists who speak different languages might paint differently depending on how their languages categorize, you know, concepts like a mountain or death. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. VEDANTAM: I want to talk in the second half of our conversation about why the meanings of words change, but I want to start by talking about how they change. So even if I'm speaking English, the distinctions that I've learned in speaking Russian, for example, are still active in my mind to some extent, but they're more active if I'm actually speaking Russian. I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. I'm Shankar Vedantam. Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. According to neuroscientists who study laughter, it turns out that chuckles and giggles often aren't a response to humorthey're a response to people.
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